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Hi!
This is Jiro.
In Japan, it is getting colder every day. Is it cold where you are?
Let me talk about an interesting English sentence today.
I have a house for summer. But it is not my second house. I live there in spring, fall, and winter too. I have just one house!
Now, which sentence is correct?
① This is the house I live in in summer.
② This is the house I live in summer.
The answer is ①.
But when I was a teacher, most students chose ②.
Let me ask a different question:
①’ I live in the house in summer.
②’ I live the house in summer.
Now everyone knows ①’ is correct!
You must say “live IN the house.”
So why do students make mistakes with the first question?
Look at this sentence again:
① This is the house I live in in summer.
Japanese students think “in in” is very strange. Why are two “in”s together?
Let me explain. This sentence comes from two sentences:
Sentence 1: This is the house.
Sentence 2: I live in the house in summer.
When we combine them:
Step 1: Remove “the house” from Sentence 2 (because it’s the same house)
・I live in the house in summer.
Step 2: Put the sentences together
・This is the house + I live in__________in summer.
・→ This is the house I live in in summer.
Now you can see:
・The first “in” goes with “live” → live in (住む)
・The second “in” goes with “summer” → in summer (夏に)
They are not really together—they just look like they are!
My advice:
Learn English words in groups, not one by one.
・Don’t learn: live = 住む, in = 中に
・Learn together: live in = ~に住む
More examples:
・This is the key I have been looking for. (look for = 探す)
・This is the baby we are all so proud of. (be proud of = 誇りに思う)
Learn these word groups (we call them “chunks”). The more chunks you know, the easier English becomes!
Happy learning!
P.S. More detail:
When we connect two sentences using relative pronouns, we get different options:
- This is the house in which I live in summer. (formal)
- This is the house which I live in in summer.
- This is the house that I live in in summer.
- This is the house I live in in summer. (casual, most common)
You see, I wrote the main article without using the term “relative pronoun”. Now you have learned one of the hardest English grammar points very easily.
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